b. Matters that do not need to be proved at trial in criminal cases

That said, the law does recognise some exceptions to the general rule. The following types of facts can be treated as already “proved”, without the need to adduce further evidence to prove them:

Presumption of law: “rules of law,” in other words, deduction which the law expressly directs to be made from particular facts
Presumption of fact: certain facts which are presumed to exist under the proof of another fact or facts
Judicial notice: facts which are so commonly known that the Court had notice of them

Admissions: facts which are agreed between the parties so it is not necessary to prove them.